Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma

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2FDA treatments38Active trials76Specialists8Treatment centers1Financial resources

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Overview

Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, most commonly known as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer. It starts in special cells in the skin called Merkel cells, which are found near nerve endings and help with the sense of touch. When these cells grow out of control, they form a tumor — usually on sun-exposed areas of the skin like the face, neck, or arms. Merkel cell carcinoma tends to grow quickly and can spread to nearby lymph nodes and other parts of the body, including the liver, lungs, and brain. The most common sign is a painless, flesh-colored or bluish-red lump on the skin that appears suddenly and grows fast. Because it looks like many other skin conditions, it is often diagnosed late. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the tumor, often followed by radiation therapy. In cases where the cancer has spread, immunotherapy drugs — especially checkpoint inhibitors like avelumab (Bavencio) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda) — have shown strong results and are now FDA-approved options. Early detection greatly improves outcomes, but this cancer has a high rate of coming back after treatment, making regular follow-up very important.

Also known as:

Key symptoms:

A painless, fast-growing lump or bump on the skinFlesh-colored, red, pink, or bluish skin growthLump that appears on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, scalp, or armsSwollen lymph nodes near the skin growthSkin lump that bleeds easily or ulceratesFatigue and unexplained weight loss if cancer has spreadShortness of breath if cancer spreads to the lungsAbdominal discomfort if cancer spreads to the liverNeurological symptoms like headaches or confusion if cancer spreads to the brain

Clinical phenotype terms (17)— hover any for plain English
Merkel cell skin cancerHP:0030447Cellular immunodeficiencyHP:0005374Regional abnormality of skinHP:0011356Erythematous maculeHP:0025475Lymphoid leukemiaHP:0005526Squamous cell carcinoma of the skinHP:0006739Multiple myelomaHP:0006775Carcinoid tumorHP:0100570Abnormal brain FDG positron emission tomographyHP:0012658Brain neoplasmHP:0030692Neoplasm of the outer earHP:0040095
Inheritance

Sporadic

Usually appears on its own, not inherited from a parent

Age of Onset

Late onset

Begins later in life, typically after age 50

Orphanet ↗NORD ↗

FDA & Trial Timeline

10 events
Apr 2026ASTX727 & Retifanlimab-dlwr for Advanced Merkel Cell After Progression on Anti-PD-(L)1

University of Wisconsin, Madison — PHASE1, PHASE2

TrialNOT YET RECRUITING
Mar 2026A Study of Pembrolizumab in Japanese Pediatric Participants With Solid Tumors or Lymphomas and Japanese Adult Participants With Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MK-3475-G21/KEYNOTE-G21)

Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC — PHASE1, PHASE2

TrialRECRUITING
Feb 2026Neoadjuvant Merkel Cell Carcinoma Therapy (Tx) With the PD-1 Inhibitor Cemiplimab

Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF GmbH at Krankenhaus Nordwest — PHASE2

TrialNOT YET RECRUITING
Feb 2026TIL Therapy in cSCC and MCC

Karam Khaddour, MD, MS — PHASE2

TrialRECRUITING
Jan 2026Studying Off Label Insurance Coverage for Patients With Cutaneous Cancers a "Filter" Observational Study

Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

TrialRECRUITING
Dec 2025A Study to Assess the Long-term Safety Outcomes in Patients Previously Treated With RP1, RP2, or RP3

Replimune Inc.

TrialRECRUITING
Nov 2025Ketogenic Dietary Intervention to Improve Response to Immunotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma and Metastatic Kidney Cancer

Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center — NA

TrialRECRUITING
Oct 2025IFx-Hu2.0 As An Adjunctive Therapy To Pembrolizumab In Advanced Or Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)

TuHURA Biosciences, Inc. — PHASE1

TrialRECRUITING
Oct 2025Placebo-Controlled Trial of IFx-Hu2.0 Followed By Pembrolizumab In Checkpoint Inhibitor Naïve Participants With Advanced Or Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma

TuHURA Biosciences, Inc. — PHASE2, PHASE3

TrialRECRUITING
Jun 2025Effects of Isotretinoin on Smell

Uşak University — NA

TrialRECRUITING

Data sourced from FDA regulatory filings and ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated periodically.

Treatments

2 available

Zynyz

retifanlimab-dlwr· Incyte Corporation

for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic or recurrent locally advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)

Bavencio

avelumab (Recombinant human monoclonal IgG1 antibody against programmed death ligand-1)· EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc.Orphan Drug

Treatment of adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma

Clinical Trials

20 recruitingView all trials with filters →
Phase 32 trials
Adjuvant Avelumab in Merkel Cell Cancer
Phase 3
Active
PI: Shailender Bhatia (Fred Hutch/University of Washington Cancer Consort) · Sites: Orange, California; Aurora, Colorado +7 more · Age: 1899 yrs
Testing Pembrolizumab Versus Observation in Patients With Merkel Cell Carcinoma After Surgery, STAMP Trial
Phase 3
Active
PI: Janice Mehnert (ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group) · Sites: Birmingham, Alabama; Anchorage, Alaska +552 more · Age: 1899 yrs
Phase 212 trials
Randomized Study of Nivolumab+Ipilimumab+/- SBRT for Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Phase 2
Active
PI: Evan Wuthrick, M.D (H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institut) · Sites: Tampa, Florida; Columbus, Ohio · Age: 1899 yrs
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab and Relatlimab in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Phase 2
Actively Recruiting
PI: Georgina V Long (Melanoma Instiute Australia) · Sites: Wollstonecraft, New South Wales · Age: 1899 yrs
Chemo-immunotherapy in Patients With Resectable Merkel Cell Carcinoma Prior to Surgery
Phase 2
Active
PI: Federica Morano, MD (Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Mi) · Sites: Milan · Age: 1899 yrs
EMLA Topical Cream for Treatment of Pain in Patients Receiving Intra-Dermal Technetium 99 Injections for Lymphoscintigraphy for Skin Cancers
Phase 2
Actively Recruiting
PI: Carlo M Contreras, MD (Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center) · Sites: Columbus, Ohio · Age: 1899 yrs
Testing the Combination of Two Anticancer Drugs M1774 (Tuvusertib) and Avelumab to Evaluate Their Safety and Effectiveness in Treating Merkel Cell Skin Cancer, MATRiX Trial
Phase 2
Active
PI: Paul Nghiem (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center) · Sites: Irvine, California; La Jolla, California +49 more · Age: 1899 yrs
Study of Avelumab and/or Radiation Therapy in People With Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Phase 2
Active
PI: Christoper Barker, MD (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) · Sites: Basking Ridge, New Jersey; Middletown, New Jersey +5 more · Age: 1899 yrs
Testing the Addition of Radiation Therapy to Immunotherapy for Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Phase 2
Active
PI: Jason J Luke (Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology) · Sites: Anchorage, Alaska; Anchorage, Alaska +253 more · Age: 1899 yrs
Phase II Study of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Combination With Immunotherapy for Patients With Merkel Cell Cancer
Phase 2
Actively Recruiting
PI: Anna C Pavlick, BSN, MSc, DO, MBA (Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cor) · Sites: Iowa City, Iowa; New York, New York +1 more · Age: 1899 yrs
Study of Zirconium Zr 89 Crefmirlimab Berdoxam PET/CT in Subjects With Advanced or Metastatic Malignancies
Phase 2
Active
PI: Kim Margolin, MD (Providence Saint John's Cancer Institute) · Sites: Little Rock, Arkansas; Duarte, California +14 more · Age: 1899 yrs
Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Phase 2
Actively Recruiting
PI: Devarati Mitra (M.D. Anderson Cancer Center) · Sites: Houston, Texas · Age: 1899 yrs
Triple Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Advanced or Metastatic PD-(L)1 Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Phase 2
Active
PI: Shailender Bhatia, MD (Fred Hutch/University of Washington Cancer Consort) · Sites: Seattle, Washington · Age: 1899 yrs
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Treating Patients With Malignancies With BK and/or JC Virus
Phase 2
Actively Recruiting
PI: Amanda Olson (M.D. Anderson Cancer Center) · Sites: Houston, Texas
Other5 trials
Liquid Biomarker Study in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
Actively Recruiting
PI: Vincent Ma, MD (University of Wisconsin, Madison) · Sites: Madison, Wisconsin · Age: 1899 yrs
Complications and Recurrences After Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Slow Mohs
Active
PI: K Mosterd, MD, PhD (Maastricht University Medical Center) · Sites: Maastricht · Age: 1699 yrs
Studying Off Label Insurance Coverage for Patients With Cutaneous Cancers a "Filter" Observational Study
Actively Recruiting
PI: Claire F Verschraegen, MD (Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center) · Sites: Columbus, Ohio · Age: 1899 yrs
Personalised Immunotherapy Platform
Actively Recruiting
PI: James Wilmott, PhD (Melanoma Institute Australia) · Sites: Sydney, New South Wales; Sydney, New South Wales +1 more · Age: 1899 yrs
Validation of in Vitro Method for Anti-MCPyV Immunotherapy on Patients With Cutaneous Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Actively Recruiting
PI: Astrid Blom, MD (Dermato-oncology Department, Ambroise Paré Hospita) · Sites: Boulogne-Billancourt · Age: 1899 yrs

Specialists

Showing 25 of 76View all specialists →
SB
Shailender Bhatia
SEATTLE, WA
Specialist
PI on 2 active trials
CM
Christoper Barker, MD
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
SM
Shailender Bhatia, MD
SEATTLE, WA
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
JL
Jason J Luke
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Specialist

Rare Disease Specialist

PI on 4 active trials
AM
Andrew Brohl, MD
TAMPA, FL
Specialist
PI on 2 active trials1 Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma publication
JM
John Miura, MD
PHILADELPHIA, PA
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
KM
Karam Khaddour, MD
BOSTON, MA
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
CB
Ciara Kelly, MBBCh BAO
Specialist
PI on 2 active trials9 Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma publications
AS
Ann (Annie) W Silk
Los Angeles, California
Specialist

Rare Disease Specialist

PI on 1 active trial
EM
Erez Baruch, MD,PHD
HOUSTON, TX
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
LM
Lara Dunn, MD
GOLDEN, CO
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
NM
Nina Merchant
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
JV
Joshua Veatch
SEATTLE, WA
Specialist
PI on 2 active trials
CM
Claire Verschraegen, MD
COLUMBUS, OH
Specialist
PI on 2 active trials
JP
Julian R. Molina, M.D., Ph.D.
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
LM
Laurent Mortier, MD,PhD
Specialist
PI on 2 active trials
VM
Vincent Ma, MD
Specialist
PI on 3 active trials
BP
Bret Goodpaster, PhD
Specialist
PI on 3 active trials
MM
Mahtab SAMIMI, MD-PhD
Specialist
PI on 2 active trials

Treatment Centers

8 centers
🏥 NORD

Baylor College of Medicine Rare Disease Center

Baylor College of Medicine

📍 Houston, TX

🏥 NORD

Stanford Medicine Rare Disease Center

Stanford Medicine

📍 Stanford, CA

🔬 UDN

NIH Clinical Center Undiagnosed Diseases Program

National Institutes of Health

📍 Bethesda, MD

🔬 UDN

UCLA UDN Clinical Site

UCLA Health

📍 Los Angeles, CA

🔬 UDN

Baylor College of Medicine UDN Clinical Site

Baylor College of Medicine

📍 Houston, TX

🔬 UDN

Harvard/MGH UDN Clinical Site

Massachusetts General Hospital

📍 Boston, MA

🏥 NORD

Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine

Mayo Clinic

📍 Rochester, MN

👤 Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine

🏥 NORD

UCLA Rare Disease Day Program

UCLA Health

📍 Los Angeles, CA

Financial Resources

1 resources
Bavencio(avelumab (Recombinant human monoclonal IgG1 antibody against programmed death ligand-1))EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc.

Travel Grants

No travel grants are currently matched to Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Search all travel grants →NORD Financial Assistance ↗

Community

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Latest news about Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma

3 articles
Clinical trialCLINICALTRIALSApr 17, 2026
Trial Now Recruiting: Placebo-Controlled Trial of IFx-Hu2.0 Followed By Pembrolizumab In Checkpoint Inhibitor Naïve Participants With Advanced Or Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma (NCT06947928)
Researchers are testing a new treatment called IFx-Hu2.0 combined with a cancer drug called pembrolizumab for people with Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and aggr
Clinical trialUNITERAREApr 15, 2026
New Recruiting Trial: Temozolomide and Survivin Long Peptide Vaccine (SurVaxM) for the Treatment of Patients With Progressing Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Researchers are testing a new cancer treatment that combines two approaches: a chemotherapy drug called temozolomide and a vaccine called SurVaxM that trains th
Clinical trialCLINICALTRIALSMar 27, 2026
New Clinical Trial: Targeted Therapy and Avelumab in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (NCT04261855)
Researchers are testing a new combination treatment for metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare type of skin cancer. The study combines a drug called avelumab
See all news about Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma

Caregiver Resources

NORD Caregiver Resources

Support, advocacy, and financial assistance for caregivers of rare disease patients.

Mental Health Support

Rare disease caregiving can be isolating. Connect with counseling and peer support.

Family & Caregiver Grants

Financial assistance programs specifically for caregivers of rare disease patients.

Social Security Disability

Learn how rare disease patients may qualify for SSDI/SSI benefits.

Questions for your doctor

Bring these to your next appointment

  • Q1.What stage is my cancer and has it spread to my lymph nodes or other organs?,Should I have a sentinel lymph node biopsy, and what will the results mean for my treatment?,Am I a candidate for immunotherapy, and which drug would you recommend for my situation?,What are the most common side effects of my treatment and when should I call you about them?,How often will I need follow-up appointments and scans after treatment?,Are there any clinical trials I should consider?,Does my immune system health or any medications I take affect my treatment options?

Common questions about Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma

What is Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma?

Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, most commonly known as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer. It starts in special cells in the skin called Merkel cells, which are found near nerve endings and help with the sense of touch. When these cells grow out of control, they form a tumor — usually on sun-exposed areas of the skin like the face, neck, or arms. Merkel cell carcinoma tends to grow quickly and can spread to nearby lymph nodes and other parts of the body, including the liver, lungs, and brain. The most common sign is a painless, flesh-colored or bluis

How is Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma inherited?

Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma follows a sporadic inheritance pattern. Genetic counseling can help families understand recurrence risk and testing options.

At what age does Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma typically begin?

Typical onset of Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma is late onset. Age of onset can vary across affected individuals.

Are there clinical trials for Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma?

Yes — 20 recruiting clinical trials are currently listed for Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma on UniteRare. See the clinical trials section on this page for phase, sponsor, and site details sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Which specialists treat Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma?

25 specialists and care centers treating Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma are listed on UniteRare, sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov principal investigators, published research, and the NPPES NPI registry.

What treatment and support options exist for Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma?

1 patient support program are currently tracked on UniteRare for Cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. See the treatments and support programs sections for copay assistance, eligibility, and contact details.