Avian influenza

Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses that normally spread among birds but can sometimes infect humans. The most well-known strains that affect people include H5N1, H7N9, and H5N6, though other subtypes have also caused human infections. When the virus crosses from birds to humans, it can cause a wide range of illness, from mild eye infections and flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ failure, and even death. The disease primarily affects the lungs and respiratory system. After an incubation period of about 2 to 7 days, patients typically develop high fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches. In severe cases, the infection can rapidly progress to difficulty breathing, low oxygen levels, and multi-organ failure. Some patients also experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Children and people with weakened immune systems may be at higher risk for severe outcomes. Treatment mainly involves antiviral medications such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and supportive care including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation for severe cases. There is no widely available vaccine for the general public, though some countries have stockpiled vaccines for emergency use. The disease is considered rare in humans because it does not easily spread from person to person. Most human cases result from direct contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments. Early diagnosis and prompt antiviral treatment are critical for improving survival.

Data sourced from FDA regulatory filings and ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated periodically.

Bring these to your next appointment

• Q1.What specific strain of avian influenza do I have, and what does that mean for my outlook?,How soon should I start antiviral treatment, and which medication is best for my case?,What warning signs should I watch for that would mean I need to go to the emergency room?,Can my family members or close contacts catch this from me, and should they take preventive medication?,How long will I need to be isolated, and when is it safe to be around others again?,Will I have any lasting effects on my lungs or other organs after recovery?,Should I be vaccinated against seasonal influenza, and is there a bird flu vaccine available for me?

Common questions about Avian influenza