Pediatric multiple sclerosis

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4FDA treatments3Active trials14Specialists8Treatment centers1Financial resources

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UniteRare data is sourced from FDA.gov, ClinicalTrials.gov, Orphanet, OMIM, and NORD.
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Overview

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (also called pediatric MS, childhood MS, or juvenile MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system — the brain and spinal cord — that begins before the age of 18. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective coating around nerve fibers, called myelin. This damage disrupts the signals that nerves send throughout the body, causing a wide range of symptoms depending on which nerves are affected. Children with MS most often experience episodes called relapses, where symptoms suddenly appear or get worse, followed by periods of partial or full recovery. Common symptoms include vision problems, muscle weakness, balance difficulties, fatigue, and trouble with memory or concentration. Because the brain is still developing in children, pediatric MS can have a bigger impact on learning and emotional well-being than adult MS. There is no cure for pediatric MS, but several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are available to reduce the number of relapses and slow the disease. Some medications approved for adults, such as interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, and fingolimod, are used in children. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to protect the developing brain and improve long-term outcomes.

Key symptoms:

Vision problems, including blurry vision or loss of vision in one eye (optic neuritis)Muscle weakness in the arms or legsNumbness or tingling in the body, arms, or legsProblems with balance and coordinationExtreme tiredness (fatigue)Difficulty walkingBladder problems, such as needing to urinate urgently or frequentlyMemory and concentration difficultiesMood changes, including depression or anxietyDizziness or vertigoSlurred speechMuscle stiffness or spasms

Inheritance

Multifactorial

Caused by a mix of several genes and environmental factors

Age of Onset

Juvenile

Begins in the teen years

Orphanet ↗NORD ↗

FDA & Trial Timeline

10 events
Nov 2026A Study to Learn About the Safety of Diroximel Fumarate (DRF) and Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) and Their Effects on Relapses in Pediatric Participants With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis (RMS)

Biogen — PHASE3

TrialNOT YET RECRUITING
Feb 2026

GLATOPA: New indication approved

FDAcompleted
Dec 2025Comparison of Structured Exercise and Exergaming in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa — NA

TrialNOT YET RECRUITING
Oct 2025A Pharmacokinetics (PK), Pharmacodynamics (PD), Safety and Tolerability Study of Fenebrutinib in Children and Adolescents With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS)

Hoffmann-La Roche — PHASE2

TrialRECRUITING
Mar 2025

GLATOPA: New indication approved

FDAcompleted
Oct 2024Five Times Sit-To-Stand Test for Patients with Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

TrialNOT YET RECRUITING
Mar 2024

GLATOPA: New indication approved

FDAcompleted
Jul 2023

GLATOPA: New indication approved

FDAcompleted
Sep 2022

GLATOPA: New indication approved

FDAcompleted
May 2022A Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Ocrelizumab in Comparison With Fingolimod in Children and Adolescents With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)

Hoffmann-La Roche — PHASE3

TrialACTIVE NOT RECRUITING

Data sourced from FDA regulatory filings and ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated periodically.

Treatments

4 available

Novantrone

Mitoxantrone· Serono, Inc.■ Boxed Warning

reducing neurologic disability and/or the frequency of clinical relapses in patients with progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis

Remicade

infliximab· Janssen Biotech, Inc.■ Boxed Warning
reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate respons

reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy

Copaxone

glatiramer acetate· Teva Pharmaceuticals USA■ Boxed WarningOrphan Drug

For reduction of the frequency of relapses in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Avonex

Interferon beta-1a· Biogen, Inc.Orphan Drug

Treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis to slow the accumulation of physical disability and decrease the frequency of clinical exacerbations.

Clinical Trials

3 recruitingView all trials with filters →
Phase 31 trial
Safety and Efficacy of Fingolimod in Pediatric Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Phase 3
Active
PI: Novartis Pharmaceuticals (Novartis Pharmaceuticals) · Sites: Birmingham, Alabama; Los Angeles, California +71 more · Age: 1017 yrs
N/A1 trial
ATOMIC (Active Teens Multiple Sclerosis) Physical Activity Research Program
N/A
Active
PI: E. Ann Yeh, MA, MD, FRCPC, Dip ABPN (The Hospital for Sick Children) · Sites: Birmingham, Alabama; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania +1 more · Age: 1121 yrs
Other1 trial
Obesity and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Actively Recruiting
PI: J Nicholas Brenton, MD (University of Virginia) · Sites: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Charlottesville, Virginia · Age: 1020 yrs

Specialists

14 foundView all specialists →
JM
J Nicholas Brenton, MD
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
LC
Leigh Charvet
STONY BROOK, NY
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
SP
Sarah Katie Ihnen, MD, PhD
Cincinnati, Ohio
Specialist

Rare Disease Specialist

PI on 1 active trial
PV
Pelin Vural
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
EM
E. Ann Yeh, MD
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
EA
E. Ann Yeh, MA, MD, FRCPC, Dip ABPN
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
EP
Emmanuelle L Waubant, MD, PhD
SAN FRANCISCO, CA
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
MP
Megan L Fitzgerald, PhD
Delafield, Wisconsin
Specialist

Rare Disease Specialist

PI on 1 active trial
JM
James W Wheless, MD
CONCORD, NC
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
EM
Emanuela Mazzon
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial9 Pediatric multiple sclerosis publications
RP
Richard M Bartholomew, Ph.D
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial
DS
Douglas K Sato
Specialist
PI on 1 active trial

Treatment Centers

8 centers
🏥 NORD

Baylor College of Medicine Rare Disease Center

Baylor College of Medicine

📍 Houston, TX

🏥 NORD

Stanford Medicine Rare Disease Center

Stanford Medicine

📍 Stanford, CA

🔬 UDN

NIH Clinical Center Undiagnosed Diseases Program

National Institutes of Health

📍 Bethesda, MD

🔬 UDN

UCLA UDN Clinical Site

UCLA Health

📍 Los Angeles, CA

🔬 UDN

Baylor College of Medicine UDN Clinical Site

Baylor College of Medicine

📍 Houston, TX

🔬 UDN

Harvard/MGH UDN Clinical Site

Massachusetts General Hospital

📍 Boston, MA

🏥 NORD

Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine

Mayo Clinic

📍 Rochester, MN

👤 Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine

🏥 NORD

UCLA Rare Disease Day Program

UCLA Health

📍 Los Angeles, CA

Financial Resources

1 resources
Avonex(Interferon beta-1a)Biogen, Inc.

Travel Grants

No travel grants are currently matched to Pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Search all travel grants →NORD Financial Assistance ↗

Community

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Latest news about Pediatric multiple sclerosis

Disease timeline:

New recruiting trial: A Pharmacokinetics (PK), Pharmacodynamics (PD), Safety and Tolerability Study of Fenebrutinib in Children and Adolescents With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS)

A new clinical trial is recruiting patients for Pediatric multiple sclerosis

New recruiting trial: Obesity and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

A new clinical trial is recruiting patients for Pediatric multiple sclerosis

Caregiver Resources

NORD Caregiver Resources

Support, advocacy, and financial assistance for caregivers of rare disease patients.

Mental Health Support

Rare disease caregiving can be isolating. Connect with counseling and peer support.

Family & Caregiver Grants

Financial assistance programs specifically for caregivers of rare disease patients.

Social Security Disability

Learn how rare disease patients may qualify for SSDI/SSI benefits.

Questions for your doctor

Bring these to your next appointment

  • Q1.Which disease-modifying therapy do you recommend for my child, and why?,How often will my child need MRI scans and neurology check-ups?,What signs should I watch for that mean my child is having a relapse and needs immediate care?,What school accommodations should we put in place, and can you provide documentation to support this?,Are there any clinical trials for pediatric MS that my child might be eligible for?,How might this disease affect my child's brain development and learning long-term?,What mental health and psychosocial support resources are available for my child and our family?

Common questions about Pediatric multiple sclerosis

What is Pediatric multiple sclerosis?

Pediatric multiple sclerosis (also called pediatric MS, childhood MS, or juvenile MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system — the brain and spinal cord — that begins before the age of 18. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective coating around nerve fibers, called myelin. This damage disrupts the signals that nerves send throughout the body, causing a wide range of symptoms depending on which nerves are affected. Children with MS most often experience episodes called relapses, where symptoms suddenly appear or get worse, followed by periods of partial or full re

How is Pediatric multiple sclerosis inherited?

Pediatric multiple sclerosis follows a multifactorial inheritance pattern. Genetic counseling can help families understand recurrence risk and testing options.

At what age does Pediatric multiple sclerosis typically begin?

Typical onset of Pediatric multiple sclerosis is juvenile. Age of onset can vary across affected individuals.

Are there clinical trials for Pediatric multiple sclerosis?

Yes — 3 recruiting clinical trials are currently listed for Pediatric multiple sclerosis on UniteRare. See the clinical trials section on this page for phase, sponsor, and site details sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Which specialists treat Pediatric multiple sclerosis?

14 specialists and care centers treating Pediatric multiple sclerosis are listed on UniteRare, sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov principal investigators, published research, and the NPPES NPI registry.

What treatment and support options exist for Pediatric multiple sclerosis?

1 patient support program are currently tracked on UniteRare for Pediatric multiple sclerosis. See the treatments and support programs sections for copay assistance, eligibility, and contact details.