Progressive non-infectious anterior vertebral fusion

Progressive non-infectious anterior vertebral fusion (also known as Copenhagen syndrome or progressive anterior vertebral fusion) is an extremely rare skeletal disorder characterized by the progressive fusion of vertebral bodies, primarily affecting the anterior (front) portions of the spine. The condition typically manifests in childhood and leads to progressive narrowing and eventual bony fusion of the anterior aspects of multiple vertebral bodies, resulting in increasing kyphosis (forward curvature of the spine) and restricted spinal mobility. The thoracic and lumbar spine are most commonly affected. The hallmark clinical features include progressive spinal stiffness, kyphosis, and back pain. Radiographic imaging reveals characteristic anterior vertebral body fusion with narrowing or obliteration of the intervertebral disc spaces anteriorly, while the posterior elements of the spine may remain relatively preserved. The condition is distinguished from infectious spondylitis and other inflammatory causes of vertebral fusion by the absence of any infectious or inflammatory etiology. Additional features may include short stature and restricted chest expansion depending on the extent and location of spinal involvement. There is no specific curative treatment for progressive non-infectious anterior vertebral fusion. Management is primarily supportive and symptomatic, focusing on pain management, physical therapy to maintain mobility and function, and orthopedic monitoring. In severe cases with significant kyphotic deformity or neurological compromise, surgical intervention may be considered. The condition is progressive, and long-term follow-up with orthopedic and rehabilitation specialists is recommended.

Data sourced from FDA regulatory filings and ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated periodically.

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