Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin

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Overview

Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin is a condition in which a man produces sperm in his testicles, but the sperm cannot reach the ejaculate because of a physical blockage in the reproductive tract that is caused by a genetic problem. "Azoospermia" means no sperm is found in the semen. The blockage can occur in different parts of the tubes that carry sperm, including the epididymis (a coiled tube next to each testicle) or the vas deferens (the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra). The most well-known genetic cause is mutations in the CFTR gene, which is the same gene responsible for cystic fibrosis. Men who carry certain CFTR mutations may be born without the vas deferens entirely, a condition called congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). Other genetic causes can also lead to structural blockages. Men with this condition typically discover the problem when they are unable to conceive a child naturally. Hormone levels and testicle size are usually normal. Treatment does not fix the blockage itself but focuses on retrieving sperm directly from the testicles through procedures like testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA), which can then be used with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to achieve pregnancy.

Also known as:

Key symptoms:

Inability to conceive a child after trying for a year or moreNo sperm found in semen analysisNormal sex drive and sexual functionNormal-sized testiclesNormal hormone levelsAbsent or underdeveloped vas deferens (may be found on physical exam)Low semen volume in some casesPossible mild respiratory symptoms if related to cystic fibrosis carrier status

Inheritance

Variable

Can be inherited in different ways depending on the underlying gene

Age of Onset

Adult

Begins in adulthood (age 18 or older)

Orphanet ↗NORD ↗

Treatments

No FDA-approved treatments are currently listed for Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin.

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No specialists are currently listed for Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin.

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Treatment Centers

8 centers
🏥 NORD

Baylor College of Medicine Rare Disease Center

Baylor College of Medicine

📍 Houston, TX

🏥 NORD

Stanford Medicine Rare Disease Center

Stanford Medicine

📍 Stanford, CA

🔬 UDN

NIH Clinical Center Undiagnosed Diseases Program

National Institutes of Health

📍 Bethesda, MD

🔬 UDN

UCLA UDN Clinical Site

UCLA Health

📍 Los Angeles, CA

🔬 UDN

Baylor College of Medicine UDN Clinical Site

Baylor College of Medicine

📍 Houston, TX

🔬 UDN

Harvard/MGH UDN Clinical Site

Massachusetts General Hospital

📍 Boston, MA

🏥 NORD

Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine

Mayo Clinic

📍 Rochester, MN

👤 Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine

🏥 NORD

UCLA Rare Disease Day Program

UCLA Health

📍 Los Angeles, CA

Travel Grants

No travel grants are currently matched to Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin.

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Community

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Latest news about Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin

1 articles
Clinical trialCLINICALTRIALSApr 15, 2026
Trial Now Recruiting: IntelliWell: An AI-Assisted Imaging Platform for Detection and Location of Ultra-Rare Testicular Sperm in Surgical Specimens (NCT07074015)
Researchers are testing a new AI-powered tool called IntelliWell that can find sperm cells in testicular tissue samples that appeared to have no sperm when chec
See all news about Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin

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Questions for your doctor

Bring these to your next appointment

  • Q1.What is the specific genetic cause of my obstructive azoospermia?,Should my partner be tested for CFTR mutations before we pursue fertility treatment?,What are the chances of having a child with cystic fibrosis if we use assisted reproduction?,Which sperm retrieval method is best for my situation — MESA, PESA, or TESE?,What are the success rates for IVF/ICSI with surgically retrieved sperm at your center?,Should we consider preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for our embryos?,Do I need any monitoring for mild cystic fibrosis-related health issues?

Common questions about Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin

What is Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin?

Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin is a condition in which a man produces sperm in his testicles, but the sperm cannot reach the ejaculate because of a physical blockage in the reproductive tract that is caused by a genetic problem. "Azoospermia" means no sperm is found in the semen. The blockage can occur in different parts of the tubes that carry sperm, including the epididymis (a coiled tube next to each testicle) or the vas deferens (the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra). The most well-known genetic cause is mutations in the CFTR

At what age does Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin typically begin?

Typical onset of Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia of genetic origin is adult. Age of onset can vary across affected individuals.