Laryngocele

A laryngocele is a rare congenital or acquired abnormal dilation (cystic expansion) of the saccule of the laryngeal ventricle, forming an air-filled or fluid-filled sac that communicates with the lumen of the larynx. The condition is classified by the ICD-10 code Q31.3 when congenital. Laryngoceles primarily affect the respiratory system, specifically the larynx (voice box). They are categorized into three types: internal laryngoceles, which remain within the laryngeal framework and may cause hoarseness and airway obstruction; external laryngoceles, which extend through the thyrohyoid membrane and present as a compressible neck mass; and combined (mixed) laryngoceles, which have both internal and external components. Key symptoms include hoarseness or voice changes, a sensation of a lump in the throat, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), stridor (noisy breathing), chronic cough, and a palpable neck mass that may enlarge with coughing or straining (Valsalva maneuver). If the laryngocele becomes filled with mucus rather than air, it is termed a laryngomucocele, and if it becomes infected, it is called a laryngopyocele, which can present with fever, pain, and rapid airway compromise requiring urgent intervention. Laryngoceles are more commonly observed in males and in adults, particularly those with occupations or activities that involve sustained increased intralaryngeal pressure, such as glass blowers and wind instrument players. Congenital forms are rare and may present in infancy or childhood. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging studies such as CT scan or MRI of the neck, along with laryngoscopy. Treatment depends on the size and symptoms. Small, asymptomatic laryngoceles may be monitored conservatively. Symptomatic or large laryngoceles are generally managed surgically, with options including endoscopic marsupialization (using CO2 laser) for internal types or an external surgical approach via lateral cervical incision for external or combined types. Prognosis after surgical treatment is generally excellent.

Inheritance

Sporadic

Usually appears on its own, not inherited from a parent

Age of Onset

Variable

Can begin at different ages, from infancy through adulthood

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