Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome

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Overview

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in children without Down syndrome is a rare and aggressive type of blood cancer. In this disease, the bone marrow produces abnormal megakaryoblasts — these are immature cells that would normally develop into megakaryocytes, the cells responsible for making platelets (the tiny blood cells that help with clotting). Instead of maturing properly, these abnormal cells multiply out of control and crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow. Because healthy blood cell production is disrupted, children with AMKL often develop anemia (low red blood cells), which causes fatigue and paleness. They may also have low platelet counts, leading to easy bruising and bleeding, and low white blood cell counts, making them vulnerable to infections. Other symptoms can include bone pain, fever, enlarged liver or spleen, and general weakness. Some children may also develop abnormal tissue masses called chloromas. AMKL accounts for a small percentage of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Importantly, AMKL in children without Down syndrome tends to have a worse prognosis compared to AMKL in children with Down syndrome. Treatment typically involves intensive chemotherapy, and many children will need a bone marrow (stem cell) transplant. Research into targeted therapies and new treatment approaches is ongoing to improve outcomes for these children.

Also known as:

Key symptoms:

Extreme tiredness and fatiguePale skinEasy bruisingUnusual or prolonged bleedingFrequent or severe infectionsFeverBone or joint painSwollen belly due to enlarged liver or spleenLoss of appetiteUnexplained weight lossShortness of breathSwollen lymph nodesSmall red or purple spots on the skin (petechiae)General weakness

Inheritance

Sporadic

Usually appears on its own, not inherited from a parent

Age of Onset

Childhood

Begins in childhood, roughly ages 1 to 12

Orphanet ↗NORD ↗

Treatments

No FDA-approved treatments are currently listed for Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome.

View clinical trials →

No actively recruiting trials found for Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome at this time.

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Specialists

1 foundView all specialists →

Treatment Centers

8 centers
🏥 NORD

Baylor College of Medicine Rare Disease Center

Baylor College of Medicine

📍 Houston, TX

🏥 NORD

Stanford Medicine Rare Disease Center

Stanford Medicine

📍 Stanford, CA

🔬 UDN

NIH Clinical Center Undiagnosed Diseases Program

National Institutes of Health

📍 Bethesda, MD

🔬 UDN

UCLA UDN Clinical Site

UCLA Health

📍 Los Angeles, CA

🔬 UDN

Baylor College of Medicine UDN Clinical Site

Baylor College of Medicine

📍 Houston, TX

🔬 UDN

Harvard/MGH UDN Clinical Site

Massachusetts General Hospital

📍 Boston, MA

🏥 NORD

Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine

Mayo Clinic

📍 Rochester, MN

👤 Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine

🏥 NORD

UCLA Rare Disease Day Program

UCLA Health

📍 Los Angeles, CA

Travel Grants

No travel grants are currently matched to Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome.

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Community

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Latest news about Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome

1 articles
Clinical trialUNITERAREApr 5, 2026
New Recruiting Trial: Natural History of Dysregulation and Aging of the Immune System in People With Trisomy 21 With and Without Thymectomy
Researchers are looking for people with Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) to join a study about how their immune system works differently and ages over time. Some part
See all news about Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome

Caregiver Resources

NORD Caregiver Resources

Support, advocacy, and financial assistance for caregivers of rare disease patients.

Mental Health Support

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Family & Caregiver Grants

Financial assistance programs specifically for caregivers of rare disease patients.

Social Security Disability

Learn how rare disease patients may qualify for SSDI/SSI benefits.

Questions for your doctor

Bring these to your next appointment

  • Q1.What specific genetic subtype of AMKL does my child have, and how does that affect the treatment plan and prognosis?,Will my child need a bone marrow transplant, and if so, how do we find a suitable donor?,What are the short-term and long-term side effects of the recommended treatment?,Are there any clinical trials available that might benefit my child?,What signs or symptoms should prompt me to seek emergency care during treatment?,What support services are available for our family during and after treatment?,How will treatment affect my child's growth, development, and future fertility?

Common questions about Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome

What is Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome?

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in children without Down syndrome is a rare and aggressive type of blood cancer. In this disease, the bone marrow produces abnormal megakaryoblasts — these are immature cells that would normally develop into megakaryocytes, the cells responsible for making platelets (the tiny blood cells that help with clotting). Instead of maturing properly, these abnormal cells multiply out of control and crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow. Because healthy blood cell production is disrupted, children with AMKL often develop anemia (low red blood cells), w

How is Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome inherited?

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome follows a sporadic inheritance pattern. Genetic counseling can help families understand recurrence risk and testing options.

At what age does Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome typically begin?

Typical onset of Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome is childhood. Age of onset can vary across affected individuals.

Which specialists treat Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome?

1 specialists and care centers treating Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children without Down syndrome are listed on UniteRare, sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov principal investigators, published research, and the NPPES NPI registry.