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ResearchPUBMEDFriday, May 1, 2026 · Today

From a Long-Standing Yellowish Plaque to a Diagnosis of a Rare Disorder: A Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease Treated With Vemurafenib.

WHY IT MATTERS

This case demonstrates that vemurafenib, a targeted therapy, can be effective for Erdheim-Chester disease patients with BRAF mutations—offering a treatment option for a condition that historically had limited therapeutic choices.

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare condition where abnormal immune cells called histiocytes build up in the body's organs and tissues. A 39-year-old woman had a yellowish bump on her eyelid and leg pain for years before doctors diagnosed her with this disease through a skin biopsy. She was treated with a drug called vemurafenib, which targets a specific genetic mutation that causes the disease.

From a Long-Standing Yellowish Plaque to a Diagnosis of a Rare Disorder: A Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease Treated With Vemurafenib. Abstract: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, systemic, and potentially malignant non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by the infiltration of foamy histiocytes into multiple organ systems. The diagnosis of ECD is often complicated and time-consuming due to its rarity and heterogeneous presentation. A 39-year-old female presented with a progressively enlarging yellowish plaque measuring 5 × 2 cm on left periorbital skin over the past 2 years. Besides, the patient had bilateral lower extremity pain persisting for 1.5 years, significantly affecting her mobility and quality of life. Histological examination of skin biopsies revealed frequent Touton giant cells, bland-appearing histiocytes characterized by abundant foamy (xanthomatous) cytoplasm in the dermis, wh Authors: Yilmaz et al. Journal: American journal of medical genetics. Part A MeSH: Humans, Erdheim-Chester Disease, Female, Vemurafenib, Adult, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Rare Diseases, Mutation, Skin, Biopsy

ASK YOUR DOCTOR

If you have Erdheim-Chester disease or suspect you might, ask your doctor whether genetic testing for BRAF mutations and vemurafenib treatment could be appropriate for your situation.

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histiocytosistargeted therapygenetic mutationskin manifestationsdiagnostic challenge

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Erdheim-Chester disease