Overview
X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type, is an extremely rare genetic condition that primarily affects males. It was first described by Brooks and colleagues and is characterized by intellectual disability along with distinctive physical features. Because the condition is linked to the X chromosome, boys and men are more severely affected, while females who carry the gene change may show milder symptoms or none at all. The main features of this condition include moderate to severe intellectual disability, meaning affected individuals have significant difficulties with learning, reasoning, and adaptive skills. Physical features may include a characteristic facial appearance and other developmental differences. Growth and motor development may also be delayed. Because this condition is so rare, there is very limited information available about its full range of symptoms and long-term outlook. There is currently no cure or specific treatment for this disorder. Management focuses on supportive care, including special education services, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy to help individuals reach their fullest potential. Early intervention programs can be especially helpful for children diagnosed at a young age.
Key symptoms:
Intellectual disabilityDelayed speech and language developmentDelayed motor milestones such as sitting and walkingDistinctive facial featuresLearning difficultiesBehavioral challengesPoor coordinationDifficulty with daily living skills
X-linked recessive
Carried on the X chromosome; typically affects males more than females
Infantile
Begins in infancy, roughly 1 month to 2 years old
Treatments
No FDA-approved treatments are currently listed for X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type.
View clinical trials →Clinical Trials
View all trials with filters →No actively recruiting trials found for X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type at this time.
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Specialists
View all specialists →No specialists are currently listed for X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type.
Treatment Centers
8 centersBaylor College of Medicine Rare Disease Center ↗
Baylor College of Medicine
📍 Houston, TX
🏥 NORDStanford Medicine Rare Disease Center ↗
Stanford Medicine
📍 Stanford, CA
🔬 UDNNIH Clinical Center Undiagnosed Diseases Program ↗
National Institutes of Health
📍 Bethesda, MD
🔬 UDNUCLA UDN Clinical Site ↗
UCLA Health
📍 Los Angeles, CA
🔬 UDNBaylor College of Medicine UDN Clinical Site ↗
Baylor College of Medicine
📍 Houston, TX
🔬 UDNHarvard/MGH UDN Clinical Site ↗
Massachusetts General Hospital
📍 Boston, MA
🏥 NORDMayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine ↗
Mayo Clinic
📍 Rochester, MN
👤 Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine
🏥 NORDUCLA Rare Disease Day Program ↗
UCLA Health
📍 Los Angeles, CA
Travel Grants
No travel grants are currently matched to X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type.
Community
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Caregiver Resources
NORD Caregiver Resources
Support, advocacy, and financial assistance for caregivers of rare disease patients.
Mental Health Support
Rare disease caregiving can be isolating. Connect with counseling and peer support.
Family & Caregiver Grants
Financial assistance programs specifically for caregivers of rare disease patients.
Social Security Disability
Learn how rare disease patients may qualify for SSDI/SSI benefits.
Questions for your doctor
Bring these to your next appointment
- Q1.What level of intellectual disability does my child have, and what does that mean for their future?,What therapies and early intervention services do you recommend?,Should we pursue genetic testing, and what type of test is best?,Are there any other medical issues we should watch for with this condition?,What educational supports and accommodations should we request at school?,Is genetic counseling recommended for other family members?,Are there any clinical trials or research studies we could participate in?
Common questions about X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type
What is X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type?
X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type, is an extremely rare genetic condition that primarily affects males. It was first described by Brooks and colleagues and is characterized by intellectual disability along with distinctive physical features. Because the condition is linked to the X chromosome, boys and men are more severely affected, while females who carry the gene change may show milder symptoms or none at all. The main features of this condition include moderate to severe intellectual disability, meaning affected individuals have significant difficulties with learning, reasonin
How is X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type inherited?
X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type follows a x-linked recessive inheritance pattern. Genetic counseling can help families understand recurrence risk and testing options.
At what age does X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type typically begin?
Typical onset of X-linked intellectual disability, Brooks type is infantile. Age of onset can vary across affected individuals.