Whooping cough

Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is an acute, highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis (ICD-10: A37.0). It can also be caused by Bordetella parapertussis (A37.1) or other Bordetella species (A37.8). The disease primarily affects the respiratory system, specifically the upper and lower airways, and is characterized by severe, prolonged coughing episodes. It is transmitted via respiratory droplets and is particularly dangerous in infants and young children, though it can affect individuals of any age. The clinical course of whooping cough typically progresses through three stages. The catarrhal stage (1–2 weeks) resembles a common cold with mild cough, runny nose, and low-grade fever. This is followed by the paroxysmal stage (1–6 weeks or longer), marked by intense, repetitive coughing fits (paroxysms) often followed by a characteristic high-pitched inspiratory "whoop," post-tussive vomiting, and exhaustion. Infants may present with apnea (pauses in breathing) and cyanosis rather than the classic whoop. The convalescent stage involves gradual recovery over weeks to months. Complications can include pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy, rib fractures from severe coughing, and death, particularly in unvaccinated infants. Treatment includes macrolide antibiotics (such as azithromycin, erythromycin, or clarithromycin), which are most effective when administered early in the disease course and help reduce transmission. Supportive care, including hydration, oxygen supplementation, and hospitalization for severe cases (especially in infants), is essential. Prevention through vaccination remains the cornerstone of disease control, with DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis) vaccine recommended for children and Tdap booster for adolescents, adults, and pregnant women. Despite widespread vaccination programs, pertussis remains endemic worldwide with periodic outbreaks.

Data sourced from FDA regulatory filings and ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated periodically.

Common questions about Whooping cough