Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a long-term, recurring inflammatory condition that affects the outer surface of the eye — specifically the conjunctiva (the clear tissue lining the eyelids and covering the white of the eye) and the cornea (the clear front surface of the eye). The name 'vernal' comes from the Latin word for spring, because symptoms often get worse during warmer months, though many people experience problems year-round. VKC is sometimes called 'spring catarrh' or 'warm-weather conjunctivitis,' though these older terms are less commonly used today. VKC is driven by an overactive immune response, similar to severe allergies. The immune system mistakenly attacks the eye's surface, causing intense inflammation. This leads to the hallmark symptoms: severe itching, thick mucus discharge, sensitivity to light, and a feeling like something is stuck in the eye. In more serious cases, the cornea can be damaged, which may affect vision. Raised, cobblestone-like bumps can form on the inside of the upper eyelid, and a white ring called a Horner-Trantas dot may appear at the edge of the cornea. Treatment focuses on controlling inflammation and protecting the eye from damage. Options include antihistamine eye drops, mast cell stabilizers, anti-inflammatory drops (including corticosteroids and cyclosporine), and in some cases, newer biologic medications. With proper management, most people can protect their vision and live comfortably, though the condition often requires ongoing care throughout childhood and adolescence.

Data sourced from FDA regulatory filings and ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated periodically.

Bring these to your next appointment

• Q1.How severe is my child's VKC, and is there any corneal damage already present?,Which eye drops do you recommend, and how do we use them safely long-term without steroid side effects?,How often should we come in for check-ups, and what signs should prompt an urgent visit?,Are there any known triggers we should try to avoid to reduce flare-ups?,Will my child's VKC likely improve as they get older, and what is the expected outlook for their vision?,Are there any newer treatments, such as biologic therapies, that might be appropriate for my child?,What should we do if symptoms suddenly get much worse or vision changes?

Common questions about Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

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• Atopic keratoconjunctivitis→