Supernumerary nostril

Supernumerary nostril (also known as accessory nostril or third nostril) is an extremely rare congenital malformation of the nose characterized by the presence of one or more additional nostril-like openings, typically located near the normal nostrils. This condition is classified among other congenital malformations of the nose (ICD-10: Q30.8). The accessory nostril may be a simple blind-ending pit or may communicate with the nasal cavity, and it can vary in size and degree of development. It may contain cartilage, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles similar to a normal nostril. The extra nostril is usually unilateral and is most commonly found medial, lateral, or superior to the normal nostril. Supernumerary nostril is present from birth and is typically identified in the neonatal period or early infancy. In most reported cases, the condition is an isolated anomaly, though it may occasionally be associated with other craniofacial malformations such as cleft lip or palate, nasal dermoid cysts, or other midline defects. The condition primarily affects the external nose and nasal passages. Functionally, the accessory nostril may or may not be patent (open to the nasal cavity). Patients may be asymptomatic or may experience cosmetic concerns, nasal discharge from the accessory opening, or rarely, recurrent infections. Treatment is primarily surgical and is undertaken for cosmetic reasons or to address functional complications such as obstruction or recurrent infection. Surgical excision with rhinoplasty techniques can achieve good cosmetic and functional outcomes. Given the rarity of this condition, management is individualized and typically involves a multidisciplinary team including otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the medical literature worldwide.

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