OBSOLETE: Spastic diplegia, infantile type

Spastic diplegia, infantile type (Orphanet code 1680) is an obsolete disease classification that was previously used to describe a form of cerebral palsy characterized by increased muscle tone (spasticity) predominantly affecting both lower limbs, with onset in infancy. In this condition, the motor cortex and corticospinal tracts of the brain are affected, leading to stiffness and difficulty with voluntary movement in the legs, while the upper limbs are typically less severely involved. Affected infants may show delayed motor milestones, abnormal gait patterns (such as scissoring of the legs), exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, and difficulties with balance and coordination. This term has been rendered obsolete in current nosology because spastic diplegia is now classified under the broader umbrella of cerebral palsy, specifically as bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. The condition was most commonly associated with perinatal risk factors such as prematurity, low birth weight, and periventricular leukomalacia (damage to the white matter surrounding the brain's ventricles). The primary body systems affected include the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, with secondary complications potentially involving the urinary system and gastrointestinal function. Treatment is supportive and multidisciplinary, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, orthotic devices, and antispasticity medications such as baclofen or botulinum toxin injections. Surgical interventions, including selective dorsal rhizotomy and orthopedic procedures, may be considered in selected cases to improve mobility and reduce spasticity. There is no curative treatment, and management focuses on maximizing functional independence and quality of life.

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