OBSOLETE: Limbic encephalitis with neurexin-3 antibodies

Limbic encephalitis with neurexin-3 antibodies (also sometimes called anti-NRXN3 limbic encephalitis) is a rare brain condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks a protein called neurexin-3 (NRXN3), which is found on the surface of nerve cells in the brain. This protein plays an important role in how brain cells connect and communicate with each other. When antibodies target neurexin-3, they disrupt normal brain signaling, especially in an area of the brain called the limbic system, which controls memory, emotions, and behavior. People with this condition typically experience a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms that can come on relatively quickly over days to weeks. Common symptoms include memory problems, confusion, mood changes, seizures, and sometimes abnormal movements. Because the symptoms can look like psychiatric illness or other brain disorders, diagnosis can be delayed. It is important to note that this condition is listed as 'obsolete' in the Orphanet rare disease database, meaning it may have been reclassified, merged with another condition, or found to have insufficient evidence to stand as a distinct disease entity. Treatment generally follows the approach used for other autoimmune encephalitis conditions, focusing on calming the immune system. Early treatment is important for the best possible recovery. Please speak with a specialist for the most up-to-date information.

Bring these to your next appointment

• Q1.Is the neurexin-3 antibody test available, and where should my sample be sent for the most reliable result?,What treatment do you recommend, and how quickly should we start it?,How will we know if the treatment is working?,Should I be tested for an underlying tumor or cancer that might be triggering this immune response?,What is the risk of relapse, and how would we recognize it?,Are there any clinical trials or research studies I could participate in?,What support services — such as neuropsychology, occupational therapy, or mental health care — do you recommend during recovery?

Common questions about OBSOLETE: Limbic encephalitis with neurexin-3 antibodies