OBSOLETE: Amniotic bands

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS), also known as amniotic band sequence, constriction band syndrome, or Streeter dysplasia, is a group of congenital abnormalities that occur when fibrous bands from the inner lining of the amniotic sac (amnion) become entangled around parts of the developing fetus during pregnancy. This Orphanet entry (ORPHA:1034) is marked as obsolete, as the condition has been reclassified or merged into other entries in current nosologies. The condition is now more commonly referenced under amniotic band syndrome or amniotic constriction bands. Amniotic bands can affect virtually any body part but most commonly involve the limbs, fingers, and toes, leading to constriction rings, limb or digit amputations, syndactyly (fused fingers or toes), and clubfoot. In more severe cases, the bands can affect the head, face, or trunk, potentially causing cleft lip and palate, encephalocele, or abdominal wall defects. The severity is highly variable, ranging from mild cosmetic constriction rings to life-threatening malformations incompatible with survival. The condition is generally considered sporadic, occurring without a clear genetic cause, and is thought to result from early rupture of the amnion. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the abnormalities and may include surgical release of constriction bands, reconstructive surgery, prosthetics for amputated limbs, and in some cases prenatal intervention (fetoscopic release of bands) when limb viability is threatened. Multidisciplinary care involving orthopedic surgeons, plastic surgeons, and rehabilitation specialists is often necessary.

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