Meningocele

Meningocele is a type of neural tube defect (NTD) in which the meninges (the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) protrude through a defect in the vertebral column or skull, forming a sac filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Unlike myelomeningocele, the spinal cord and nerve roots are not contained within the herniated sac, which generally results in a milder clinical presentation. Meningocele can occur along any part of the spine but is most commonly found in the lumbosacral region. It may also occur in the cranial region (cranial meningocele). The condition is typically detected at birth as a visible cystic mass covered by skin or a thin membrane. Clinical features vary depending on the location and size of the defect. Many patients with spinal meningocele have relatively preserved neurological function, though some may experience lower limb weakness, bowel or bladder dysfunction, or tethered cord syndrome over time. Cranial meningoceles may be associated with hydrocephalus or other central nervous system anomalies. The condition can occur in isolation or as part of broader syndromic presentations. Treatment is primarily surgical, involving repair of the defect to prevent infection (such as meningitis), cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and further neurological deterioration. Surgical closure is typically performed in the neonatal period. Prognosis is generally favorable compared to myelomeningocele, particularly when the neural tissue is not involved. Long-term follow-up is important to monitor for complications such as tethered cord, hydrocephalus, or progressive neurological deficits. Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects, including meningocele.

Data sourced from FDA regulatory filings and ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated periodically.

Common questions about Meningocele