Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures

Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), also known as migrating partial seizures of infancy or malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy, is a very rare and severe form of epilepsy that begins in the first six months of life. In this condition, seizures start in one area of the brain and then shift or "migrate" to different areas, sometimes even switching between the left and right sides of the brain. This migrating pattern is a hallmark feature of the disease and can be seen on an EEG (brain wave test). Babies with EIMFS typically develop normally at first but then begin having frequent seizures that are very difficult to control with standard anti-seizure medications. Over time, the seizures become nearly continuous in many cases. As the disease progresses, children usually experience significant developmental delays or regression, meaning they may lose skills they had already learned. Many children develop severe intellectual disability, low muscle tone, and problems with movement. The condition is caused by genetic mutations in several different genes, with KCNT1 being one of the most commonly involved. Other genes include SCN1A, SCN2A, SLC25A22, PLCB1, and TBC1D24, among others. Treatment is very challenging because the seizures tend to resist most anti-seizure medications. Some children may show partial improvement with quinidine (particularly in KCNT1-related cases), bromides, or other medications, but there is currently no cure. A ketogenic diet is sometimes tried as an additional approach. Care typically involves a team of specialists focused on managing seizures, supporting development, and improving quality of life.

Bring these to your next appointment

• Q1.What genetic test results do we have, and how does the specific gene mutation affect treatment options?,What seizure medications or treatments do you recommend trying, and what are the possible side effects?,Would a ketogenic diet be appropriate for my child, and how would it be managed?,What is the emergency seizure plan, and which rescue medications should we have at home?,What developmental therapies (physical, occupational, speech) should we start, and how often?,Are there any clinical trials or new treatments being studied for this condition?,What support services are available for our family, including respite care and counseling?

Common questions about Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures

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