Cutaneous myiasis

Cutaneous myiasis is a parasitic skin infestation caused by the larvae (maggots) of various fly species that penetrate and develop within the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is not a genetic disorder but rather an infectious/parasitic condition classified among rare dermatological diseases. The condition primarily affects the integumentary system (skin) and can occur in several forms: furuncular myiasis (boil-like lesions, most commonly caused by Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, or Cordylobia anthropophaga, the tumbu fly), creeping/migratory myiasis (caused by larvae tunneling through the skin), and wound myiasis (larvae infesting open wounds). Cutaneous myiasis is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Asia, though cases can occur worldwide, particularly among travelers returning from endemic areas. Key symptoms include the development of one or more painful, erythematous, furuncle-like nodules in the skin, often with a central punctum or pore through which the larva breathes. Patients frequently report a sensation of movement beneath the skin, pruritus (itching), and serous or serosanguinous discharge from the lesion. Secondary bacterial infection may complicate the condition, leading to increased pain, swelling, and purulent drainage. Regional lymphadenopathy may also occur. The lesions most commonly appear on exposed areas of the body, including the scalp, face, arms, and legs. Treatment of cutaneous myiasis involves removal of the larva, which can be accomplished through several methods. Occlusive techniques—such as applying petroleum jelly, bacon strips, or adhesive tape over the punctum—suffocate the larva and encourage it to migrate toward the skin surface, facilitating extraction. Surgical extraction under local anesthesia may be necessary for deeply embedded larvae. Ivermectin has been used as an adjunctive treatment in some cases. Following larval removal, wound care and antibiotics may be prescribed if secondary infection is present. The prognosis is generally excellent once the larva is completely removed, with full resolution of symptoms expected.

Common questions about Cutaneous myiasis