Cat-scratch disease

Cat-scratch disease (CSD), also called cat-scratch fever or benign lymphoreticulosis, is an infection caused by a bacterium called Bartonella henselae. Despite the name, it is not a genetic disease — it is an infectious illness that most people get after being scratched, bitten, or licked by a cat, especially a kitten. Fleas that live on cats spread the bacteria between cats, and when a cat scratches or bites a person, the bacteria can enter the skin. After infection, the body's immune system reacts by causing swelling in the lymph nodes — the small glands found in the neck, armpits, and groin. Most people develop a small bump or blister at the site of the scratch, followed by swollen, tender lymph nodes nearby. Other common symptoms include mild fever, tiredness, and headache. In most healthy people, the illness is mild and goes away on its own within a few weeks to months. In rare cases, especially in people with weakened immune systems, CSD can become serious and affect the eyes, liver, spleen, brain, or heart. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as azithromycin, which can help shorten the illness. Most people recover fully with or without treatment, making the overall outlook very good for healthy individuals.

Bring these to your next appointment

• Q1.Do I need antibiotics, or will this get better on its own?,How long will the swollen lymph nodes last, and when should I be concerned?,Are there any signs of complications I should watch for at home?,Is it safe to keep my cat, and how can I prevent this from happening again?,Do other members of my household — especially anyone with a weakened immune system — need to take any precautions?,Should I follow up with any specialist, such as an eye doctor or infectious disease specialist?,When can my child return to school or normal activities?

Common questions about Cat-scratch disease